B vitamins and vitamin C: supporting energy and mental wellbeing
B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B9, B12) and vitamin C play a central role in energy production: they are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, enabling your cells to turn what you eat into usable energy.
Insufficient intake may contribute to persistent tiredness, difficulty concentrating or a feeling of “brain fog”, all common experiences after giving birth.
Several B vitamins and vitamin C intake also contribute to the normal functioning of the nervous system and normal psychological function (mood, managing stress and mental abilities). That’s why a multivitamin containing B vitamins and vitamin C may be particularly useful after breastfeeding ends, especially if you eat irregularly or follow a vegetarian or vegan diet (particularly for B12).
Vitamin D: worth continuing well beyond postpartum
Vitamin D is essential for bones, muscles and immunity, and low levels are common in regions with little sunshine. We know that vitamin D levels are often insufficient after pregnancy, and that supplementation may be needed to maintain adequate levels, particularly if you have limited exposure to sunlight[4].
Several studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with greater fatigue and may increase the risk of depressive symptoms, including during the postpartum period[5]. Continuing to take vitamin D, either in a multivitamin or as a separate supplement, may therefore still be advisable well after breastfeeding ends.
Omega-3 (DHA/EPA): support for the brain and mood
Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA and EPA, play a part in normal brain function, mood regulation and cardiovascular health. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, DHA is often highlighted for its role in your baby’s brain development. It may still be worth considering after weaning, particularly if you eat little oily fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines).
Several studies (including meta-analyses) suggest that sufficient omega-3 intake, particularly omega-3s rich in EPA, may help ease some depressive symptoms or mood fluctuations, including during the perinatal period[6]. With this in mind, an omega-3 supplement may be useful for supporting your brain and vitality, especially if your diet does not provide enough.
Magnesium: for sleep, stress and mental fatigue
Magnesium is involved in more than 300 metabolic reactions, including energy production, muscle function and the regulation of the nervous system. Insufficient intake may show up as tiredness, muscle tension, sleep problems and increased irritability[7].
In the months after breastfeeding ends, many factors can increase your needs: broken sleep, stress, the mental load and sometimes a return to hormonal contraception or a demanding work schedule. A well-absorbed magnesium supplement alongside a multivitamin may therefore be a useful addition if you feel on edge and find it hard to recover.
Iron: only when needed
Iron is needed to make haemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. Iron deficiency or low ferritin can cause severe tiredness, breathlessness, paleness, palpitations and hair loss. Pregnancy, childbirth (particularly if there was significant blood loss) and breastfeeding can deplete iron stores, which is why supplements may be important during this period.
However, iron supplementation should not be routine: too much iron can also be problematic, especially if taken without a medical prescription. After breastfeeding ends, it is therefore recommended that you check your iron status (blood tests: full blood count and ferritin) before continuing or restarting an iron supplement. If a deficiency is confirmed, your healthcare professional may prescribe or recommend a dedicated supplement at the appropriate dose.