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Tout ce qu’il faut savoir sur le syndrome prémenstruel

Everything you need to know about premenstrual syndrome

The infamous premenstrual syndrome (PMS)! Lucky are the women who have never experienced it. Some studies estimate that 13–20% of women suffer from this syndrome, but it is very rarely diagnosed, and it is estimated that up to 75% of women of childbearing age may be affected. 

From mild to severe, lasting a few days to several weeks, PMS kindly announces the arrival of our period — though, if we're being honest, we could really do without it! Here is some information to help you better understand and manage it.

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From mild to severe, lasting a few days to several weeks, PMS kindly announces the arrival of our period… but if we're being honest, we could really do without it! Here is some information to help you better understand and manage it.
Did you know?

13-20% de femmes souffrent de ce syndrome. Il est tellement peu diagnostiqué qu’on estime qu’il toucherait jusqu’à 75% des femmes en âge de procréer !

What is PMS? What are the symptoms?

Premenstrual syndrome is characterised by a set of symptoms that can occur 1, 2, or 3 days before your period — or even a good ten days before, during the second phase of the menstrual cycle known as the luteal phase, which begins after ovulation.

  • headaches or migraines
  • irritability
  • emotional fragility
  • crying spells for no reason
  • breasts that feel tight, swollen, tender or even painful
  • bloating
  • water retention
  • fatigue
  • sleep disturbances
  • sugar cravings
  • cramps or pain in the lower abdomen
  • acne flare-ups… [1]

You do not need to experience all of these symptoms to have premenstrual syndrome — just one or a few are enough [2]. There are no precise diagnostic criteria; you can carry out a simple self-assessment over several cycles.

Chez certaines femmes, le syndrome prémenstruel est très léger, chez d’autres il est sévère voire handicapant. Si votre cycle menstruel est régulier et que vos règles reviennent tous les mois, c’est un syndrome qui peut réellement affecter votre qualité de vie !

En périménopause, le syndrome prémenstruel peut s'intensifier sous l'effet des fluctuations hormonales. Notre collection complément alimentaire ménopause regroupe des formules ciblées pour cette étape.

Why this product?

Pink Balance contains adaptogenic plants that help rebalance hormones. It supports relief from the various aspects of PMS such as irritability, low mood, migraines, abdominal pain and breast tenderness.

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What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

In some women, symptoms are so severe and persistent that it is no longer a case of premenstrual syndrome but premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The difference lies in the intensity of the symptoms, and in the fact that psychiatric symptoms are in the foreground — such as depressive mood or particularly intense anxiety[3] — as though it were a cyclical depression.

To diagnose PMDD, the DSM-IV (the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a reference work) requires the presence of at least five of the following symptoms in a woman, with at least one affecting mood during the week before the onset of menstruation.

Take care mama

Le SPM a beau être commun, il n’est pas une fatalité. Vous pouvez essayer d’agir naturellement dessus, notamment grâce à l’action de certaines plantes comme le gattilier. 

  • marked depressed mood or feelings of hopelessness
  • marked anxiety
  • marked emotional fragility
  • marked and persistent anger or irritability
  • decreased interest in usual activities
  • difficulty concentrating
  • lethargy or excessive fatiguability
  • marked changes in appetite
  • hypersomnia or insomnia
  • feeling of loss of control
  • other symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome (listed above) [4].
A few tips

Réduire le stress pour favoriser une bonne production de progestérone

Adaptez votre alimentation pour prendre soin de votre foie  

Adaptez votre alimentation pour diminuer l’inflammation

Who is affected by premenstrual syndrome?

It is estimated that this syndrome affects around 75% of women of reproductive age, or even more, which is far from negligible! As for PMDD, it is estimated that 3 to 8% of women of reproductive age meet the diagnostic criteria, but in reality the incidence of this syndrome may be higher, with potentially 13 to 18% of women of reproductive age experiencing symptoms severe enough to considerably disrupt their daily lives [5].

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How can premenstrual syndrome be explained?

In order to explain premenstrual syndrome, it is helpful to briefly revisit the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle.

The menstrual cycle is divided into two phases: the follicular phase (from the first day of your period to ovulation), and the luteal phase (from ovulation to the day before your next period).

The follicular phase is characterised by the production of oestrogen by the ovaries, which helps to "prepare the ground" for a potential pregnancy: maturation of eggs in the ovaries, thickening of the endometrium to receive a possible embryo… The accumulation of oestrogen in the blood leads to ovulation, during which an egg is released from one of the two ovaries.

The luteal phase is characterised by the production of progesterone by the egg. If the egg is fertilised and the resulting embryo implants in the uterus, the embryo and then the placenta will continue to secrete progesterone until birth. If the egg is not fertilised, it eventually breaks down, causing progesterone levels to drop and triggering menstruation.

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Everything you need to know about premenstrual syndrome

Pour résumer, en théorie la phase folliculaire est dominée par la sécrétion d’oestrogène alors que la phase lutéale est dominée par la sécrétion de progestérone.

Or on peut faire l’expérience du syndrome prémenstruel quand la progestérone ne domine pas lors de la phase lutéale. Cela peut prendre deux formes différentes : soit la progestérone est sécrétée en quantités suffisantes mais l’oestrogène est sécrété en quantités excessives ; soit la progestérone est trop peu sécrétée, dans ce cas l’oestrogène domine de fait sur la  progestérone.

Le syndrome prémenstruel est donc le fait d’un dérèglement hormonal entre oestrogène et progestérone (oestrogène > progestérone) [6].

Par ailleurs, il semblerait que l’inflammation chronique joue un rôle dans le syndrome prémenstruel puisqu’elle peut bloquer les récepteurs de la progestérone et stimuler les récepteurs d’oestrogène.

Néanmoins ce syndrome reste mal compris et d’autres mécanismes interviennent probablement dans l’apparition des symptômes.

What treatments are available for premenstrual syndrome?

Il n’y a pas de traitement ou de médicaments qui traitent le syndrome prémenstruel à proprement parler.

Cependant, il est courant de proposer la pilule pour soulager les symptômes. En effet, la pilule met les ovaires en pause, ainsi ils ne produisent plus d’oestrogène, l’ovulation n’est pas déclenchée, et il n’y a pas d’ovule pour produire de progestérone. Vos hormones sexuelles sont à plat, et le SPM ne peut pour ainsi dire pas exister. Si ce n’est que quand on arrête la pilule, le SPM finit souvent par resurgir. Et si vous êtes en projet bébé, un complément alimentaire fertilité femme peut parfois aider en jouant sur l'ovulation et le cycle. 

Une autre option proposée par la médecine est la crème à la progestérone qui peut venir compenser une insuffisance de progestérone naturelle.

Enfin, pour traiter les symptômes émotionnels et neurologiques, les médecins peuvent également prescrire des antidépresseurs.

How can you ease premenstrual syndrome naturally?

It is entirely possible to naturally regulate your hormones and experience a more peaceful cycle. The key often lies in rebalancing oestrogen and progesterone hormones and reducing inflammation.

Reducing stress: in situations of stress, the body produces cortisol and may reduce progesterone production, as the priority becomes managing stress rather than reproduction. This is no easy task, but it is about finding the method that suits you: yoga, meditation, breathing exercises, reorganising your schedule… [7] 

Optionally taking food supplements: magnesium, vitamin B6 or even chasteberry [8]* can be of great help.

Aider le foie dans son travail de régulation hormonale : il est notamment en charge de mettre de côté l’oestrogène en excès pour ensuite le faire excréter du corps. Manger des aliments de la famille des choux peut ici être d’une grande aide.

Éventuellement prendre un complément alimentaire femme avec des vitamines du groupe B, du magnésium et zinc, des nutriments qui aident également le foie à se débarrasser de l’oestrogène en trop.

Eating protein and healthy fats at every meal and snack: these help to slow the absorption of carbohydrates (i.e. sugars) into the bloodstream, preventing excessive fluctuations in blood sugar levels and the inflammation that can follow. Inflammation is the breeding ground for hormonal imbalances and can contribute to an excess of oestrogen relative to progesterone. This will also help to reduce or even avoid the sugar cravings that are so characteristic of premenstrual syndrome.

Adopting an anti-inflammatory diet: avoiding processed and ultra-processed foods, which are pro-inflammatory, and favouring high-quality whole and natural foods, which are anti-inflammatory. What's more, all of this advice should benefit your hormonal health more broadly!

Envie d’un latte ? Notre complément alimentaire syndrome prémenstruel Pink balance, une délicieuse poudre aux fruits rouges pour l’équilibre hormonal qui contient de la maca et du shatavari pour rééquilibrer ses hormones et soulager le SPM. Bonus : elle est naturellement riche en vitamines du groupe B ! 

In conclusion

PMS may be common, but it is not inevitable. That said, let us not forget our inherent cyclical nature as women: the hormonal variations of the menstrual cycle necessarily involve variations in energy levels. It is therefore normal to experience a slight dip during the luteal phase and around your period. Welcoming and accepting this time that lends itself to introspection, by slowing our pace, can help us feel more in tune with our cyclical nature and reduce premenstrual syndrome[9].

*Be careful not to self-supplement — food supplements are not without risk, can interfere with other supplements, foods, and medications, and may not be suited to your personal situation, not to mention the importance of choosing them carefully and adjusting dosages accordingly. It is therefore preferable to seek guidance from a healthcare practitioner specialising in nutrition (such as a naturopath or nutritional therapist).

Source 1 : Premenstrual syndrome, NHS, 2018. (consulté le 21/10/2020)

Source 2 : ICD-10, Classification internationale des maladies, 10ᵉ révision.

Source 3 : Clinical practice. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, 2003

Source 4 : Physiopathologie du trouble dysphorique prémenstruel, 2002

Source 5 : The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD), 2003

Source 6 : Premenstrual Syndrome, 2008

Source 7 : Work Stress, Premenstrual Syndrome and Dysphoric Disorder: Are There Any Associations?, 2011

Source 8 : Vitex agnus castus: Successful treatment of moderate to severe premenstrual syndrome, 2006

Source 9 : Women’s Bodies, Women’s Wisdom: Creating Physical and Emotional Health and Healing, 5ᵉ éd., 2020

[1] NHS. « Premenstrual syndrome » (2018); [online] (accessed 21/10/2020)

[2] ICD-10

[3] Grady-Weliky TA. « Clinical practice. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder ». N Engl J Med 348 (2003):433-8        10.1056/NEJMcp012067    

[4] Hugin-Flores M., Steimer T. « Physiopathologie du trouble dysphorique prémenstruel » Rev Med Suisse vol 2 (2002)

[5] Halbreich U., Borenstein J., Pearlstein T. et al. « The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD) » Psychoneuroendocrinology 18 suppl 3 (2003):1-23

[6] Yonkers K.A., O’Brien P.M.S., Eriksson, E. « Premenstrual Syndrome » Lancet 371 (2008):1200-1210        10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60527-9    

[7] Navamar Jahromi B., Pakmehr, S., Hagh-Senas H. « Work Stress, Premenstrual Syndrome and Dysphoric Disorder: Are There Any Associations? » Iran Red Crescent Med J 13(3) (2011):199-202

[8] He Z., Chen R., Zhou Y. et al. « Vitex agnus castus: Successful treatment of moderate to severe premenstrual syndrome » Maturitas 55(1) 2006:555-563

[9] Northrup C. Women’s Bodies, Women’s Wisdom: Creating Physical and Emotional Health and Healing, 5th edition (2020), Bantam.

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