Sports not recommended during pregnancy
They fall into three main categories: endurance, contact and mountain/altitude change sports.
Among those to avoid entirely are running, martial arts, rowing, and ice skating — they are simply too energy-demanding. Contact sports, including volleyball, basketball, football, rugby, and squash, are also too risky. Finally, mountain sports such as skiing and climbing are contraindicated.
Lying on your back should be avoided from 24 weeks of amenorrhoea. Prolonged standing still should also be avoided.
Excessive exertion and intense aerobic exercise are not recommended. They could compromise the wellbeing of the baby. This is due to the diversion of blood flow towards the mother's vital organs, to the detriment of the foetus. Weightlifting and long-distance running are also discouraged for the same reasons.
Always seek advice from your doctor or gynaecologist. For example, if you were very active before pregnancy, your recommendations will differ from those for someone who was not sporty to begin with.
Sedentary behaviour, on the other hand, is strongly discouraged. It is associated with a higher likelihood of deep vein thrombosis. This puts the life of both the baby and the mother at risk. Sedentary behaviour can lead to obesity or, at the very least, contribute significantly to persistent obesity.
Contraindications to physical activity during pregnancy
Certain medical conditions make physical exercise formally contraindicated during pregnancy.
According to guidelines, this should be avoided in the following cases:
- Placenta praevia after 24 weeks of gestation
- Persistent and unexplained vaginal bleeding
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Preterm labour
- History of at least two preterm births
- Cervical incompetence or presence of a cervical cerclage
- Pre-eclampsia or severe gestational hypertension
- Suspected or confirmed intrauterine growth restriction
- Higher-order multiple pregnancy (triplets or more)
- Serious cardiac conditions (congenital or acquired)
- Severe acute or chronic pulmonary conditions
- Severe anaemia or haemoglobinopathies
- Systemic conditions (e.g. serious autoimmune diseases)
- Uncontrolled epilepsy
In these high-risk situations, gentle walking is recommended in order to reduce the risk of complications, particularly thromboembolic ones.
In certain cases, the benefit/risk balance will need to be assessed. Here are the main situations concerned:
- History of recurrent miscarriages
- Moderate gestational arterial hypertension
- Twin pregnancy beyond 28 weeks of gestation
- Symptomatic anaemia or haemoglobin below 9 g/L
- Poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1C> 6.5%)
- Uncontrolled type 1 diabetes
- Malnutrition or eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia)
- Severe obesity (BMI above 40)
- Musculoskeletal or orthopaedic limitations (back, knees, hips) — swimming may be a gentle alternative
- Mild to moderate cardiovascular or pulmonary conditions
- Uncontrolled arterial hypertension
- Uncontrolled thyroid condition
- Heavy smoking
- Other medical conditions requiring professional advice
In all these situations, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional (midwife, GP, obstetrician-gynaecologist) before starting or continuing any physical activity. They will provide guidance tailored to your situation and medical condition.