What if it was a hormonal imbalance?

Hormonal imbalances occur when there is too much or too little of one or more hormones in the bloodstream. Even small imbalances can create side effects that resonate throughout the entire body.

Oestrogens, a group of sex hormones essential to female reproductive function and the menstrual cycle, are involved in many processes, including blood sugar regulation as well as immune, bone, cardiac [1] and cognitive [2] health. Low or high levels may contribute to infectious, autoimmune, metabolic (conditions such as diabetes, obesity, etc.) and degenerative diseases.

Furthermore, an imbalance in progesterone levels (which is secreted during the luteal phase to support the implantation of the embryo in the uterine lining and initiate pregnancy) can also have consequences, particularly on the chances of conceiving. 

Don't hesitate to seek a consultation in order to carry out a hormonal assessment, which will help you identify your needs and put the appropriate treatment in place. 

Inflammation is at the root of imbalances 

Inflammation is your immune system's response to stress or trauma experienced by the body. 

These traumas can take different forms: physical (fracture, cut or graze, burn, skin rash), dietary (processed foods, fried foods, sugar, allergenic foods) and environmental (mould, metal toxicity, cleaning and personal hygiene products laden with chemicals, etc.).

An inflammatory lifestyle lowers the body's pH and activates the aromatase enzyme (responsible for converting androgens into oestrogen), which raises oestrogen levels, creating a hormonal imbalance [3]. These imbalances can increase inflammation, which in turn contributes to further imbalances…

Oxidative stress is linked to inflammation and imbalances

It is characterised by an imbalance between levels of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant capacity of cells.

These reactive oxygen species can cause cellular damage and contribute to the pathophysiology of various diseases, such as inflammatory conditions. This is then sustained by an inflammatory response, fuelling a vicious cycle…

Certain hormones influence antioxidant levels; conversely, oxidative status can alter their synthesis, activity and metabolism. It is therefore linked to both systemic inflammation and hormonal dysregulation [4]. 

The female ovary is the source of oocytes and regulatory hormones, and oxidative stress in the gynaecological environment is likely to be an important mediator of conception [5]. Assessing its impact on female fertility represents a significant gap in our knowledge of reproduction.

It is also linked to the thyroid, as it has been shown that both hyperthyroidism (the thyroid gland produces too many hormones) and hypothyroidism (the thyroid gland does not produce enough) are associated with this oxidative stress.

Stress generates fatigue, inflammation and disrupts oestrogens

High levels of the stress hormone cortisol (produced by the adrenal glands) contribute in particular to obesity and trigger inflammatory conditions, including chronic fatigue [6].

There is a reciprocal relationship between a stressful lifestyle and fatigue, which makes it a vicious cycle [7].

When stressors are recurrent, hormonal disruption becomes perpetual. These regulatory systems coordinate to create an acidic extracellular environment — a necessary defence mechanism shaped by evolution to neutralise these stressors. However, this defence strategy comes at a cost. Acidity activates enzymes that contribute to the development of inflammatory molecules. Increased oestrogen production completes this vicious cycle [8].

The cause-and-effect relationship with the microbiome

The gut microbiota and its metabolites can regulate inflammatory conditions. Many studies have established a link between the gut microbiota and inflammatory diseases, and inflammation is the breeding ground for hormonal problems [9].

Gut bacteria are involved in oestrogen metabolism; strong correlations have been found between urinary oestrogen levels and faecal microbiome richness [10].

Some human studies have conversely indicated that their fluctuations can affect the composition of the gut microbiome [11]. There is therefore a two-way relationship between the two. 

A number of studies have been conducted indicating the cause-and-effect relationship between sex hormones and the microbiome. A European study showed that healthy men had a greater abundance of Bacteroides-Prevotella than women, while the microbiota of postmenopausal women did not differ from that of men [12]. The findings of this study indicate that oestrogens in particular are involved in regulating the composition of the gut microbiome.

External disruptors

The main disruptors that increase oestrogen levels are [13]: 

Inflammation

Bisphenol A (BPA) 

Alcohol, cannabis and other drugs 

Cosmetic products (containing fragrance compounds)

Antidepressants (diazepam).

Some inhibitors can block oestrogens, but deficiency also has its pathological consequences. The main disruptors that reduce levels are [14]: 

Antidepressants

Antipsychotics

Anticonvulsant opioids

Anti-androgens

Antihypertensive drugs 

H2 receptor antagonists

"Artificial menopause" treatments (and not a menopause food supplement natural).

Herbicides (glyphosates, Roundup, etc.) and azole compounds (agricultural antifungals), immunosuppressant drugs (glucocorticoids, methotrexate), antimalarials and anticancer drugs (anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole) are aromatase inhibitors (the enzyme responsible for converting androgens into oestrogen), which will reduce levels [15]. 

Cigarette smoke is suspected of inhibiting aromatase and therefore disrupting these levels [16].

Hormonal balance means the right hormones being secreted at the right time, in harmony. Everything works in synergy. 

So, when oestrogen levels are too high or too low, this impacts not only ovulation, endometrial quality and periods, but also progesterone levels, histamine levels (an inflammatory substance involved in gastric acid secretion, allergies, headaches, skin concerns…), bone health, brain function, muscles, liver function, and more. 

Overall, depending on the ratio, different symptoms are observed. 

The most common signs also include sleep disturbances, depressive disorders and fatigue, and on a physical level, weight gain and acne may be observed…

Endocrine disruptors affect fertility

The endocrine disruptors will have various effects, the effects depending on the type of disruptor. For example, the pesticide DDT has been associated with decreased progesterone levels and a shorter luteal phase in women, of approximately 1.5 days for the highest DDT exposure [17].

The luteal phase, and therefore the time available for the embryo to implant in the endometrium, is shortened. Progesterone deficiency is also frequently the cause of miscarriages. 

Hormonal acne

Hormonal imbalance can trigger skin rashes and flare-ups ofhormonal acne. Women are more prone to these fluctuations, particularly in cases of PCOS or during the following periods: around menstruation and ovulation, during pregnancy, the perimenopause, and after stopping or starting the contraceptive pill.

It is established that androgens are involved in the development of this type of acne. Testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are all three androgens (male sex hormones) that stimulate the growth of the sebaceous glands and therefore sebum secretion [18]. 

Oestrogens have the opposite effect: they inhibit androgen secretion, modulate the genes involved in sebaceous gland growth and inhibit their function. The activity of the sebaceous gland therefore depends on the oestrogen/androgen ratio [19]. On the other hand, excess oestrogen promotes the over-secretion of histamine, an inflammatory substance that tends to concentrate in the skin and can contribute to acne flare-ups.

Furthermore, inflammation disrupts the conversion of androgens into oestrogen, which contributes to acne. It becomes clearer why, when we're stressed and tired, we tend to get more acne…

Have a look at our article on hormonal acne to find out more about the subject. 

Menstrual cycle disruption

Excess oestrogen contributes to heavy periods, menstrual pain, breast tenderness [20], endometriosis, fibroids, premenstrual syndrome and hormone-dependent cancers such as certain types of breast cancer. 

Inflammation occurring during menstruation, all the more so in the case of an underlying hormonal imbalance, can cause pain and cramps [21]. Our painful periods supplement, also effective for the postpartum period, will help ease discomfort.

Without sufficient oestrogen, the endometrium grows very little and menstruation is consequently lighter and/or shorter. This can lead to fertility problems, as the quality and thickness of the endometrium are crucial factors in the successful implantation of the embryo. In such cases, it may be worth taking a women's fertility supplement to support hormonal balance. 

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

In theory, the follicular phase is dominated by oestrogen secretion, whilst the luteal phase is dominated by progesterone secretion. PMS can be experienced when progesterone does not dominate during the luteal phase. This can take two different forms: either it is secreted in sufficient quantities but oestrogen is secreted in excessive amounts; or it is secreted in too little quantity, in which case oestrogen dominates.

PMS is therefore the result of an imbalanced ratio: oestrogen> progesterone [22].

Our premenstrual syndrome supplement Pink Balance will help to reduce these symptoms. 

To find out more, have a look at our article Everything you need to know about premenstrual syndrome

Excess androgens and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Excess androgens (hyperandrogenaemia) is one of the symptoms of PCOS. Inflammation and insulin resistance are also contributing factors. 

One clarification: if your androgen levels are normal but you have all the symptoms of PCOS, it is possible that your cells are hypersensitive to androgens. In other words, a normal level of androgens can still produce signs associated with androgen excess, and you may experience this regardless.

Do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional (doctor, gynaecologist, etc.) for appropriate treatment. 

To find out more, have a look at our article on polycystic ovary syndrome.

Inflammation is part of endometriosis

Inflammation is also the driving force behind endometriosis. 

To find out more, have a look at our article on endometriosis.

A decrease in libido 

A decrease in libido can be due, amongst other things, to a reduction in oestrogen levels. Low levels lead to dryness and atrophy of the vulva and vagina, as well as causing changes in genital function through a reduction in sensory perception and clitoral blood flow [23].

The unusual symptoms of the postpartum period

One of the main explanations for the appearance of certain symptoms is linked to the dramatic hormonal changes that occur [24], which can have consequences such as: 

Night sweats

Hair loss

Changes in body odour

Baby blues

To find out more, have a look at our article on postpartum symptoms.

It should be healthy, balanced and varied! Here are a few key points to focus on.

Foods with a low glycaemic index

Studies have shown that consuming foods with a high glycaemic index and dairy products increases levels of insulin and the hormone IGF1. These two hormones can bind to receptors, which stimulates the secretion of androgens such as testosterone and inhibits the conversion of testosterone into oestrogen. An excess of insulin in the blood will therefore increase problems [25].

A low glycaemic load diet reduces the free androgen index and increases IGF1-binding protein, and a diet low in glycaemic index and load decreases IGF1 levels, which reduces androgen production and promotes their conversion into oestrogen [26]. 

It is therefore important to eat foods with a low glycaemic index and load, such as: certain fruits (apple, pear), nuts and seeds (pecan nuts, cashew nuts), vegetables and legumes [27].  

Be mindful of fruits with a high glycaemic index, such as mango, melon, pineapple, watermelon, cherries, papaya, grapes, banana, and dried fruits.

Anti-inflammatory foods

This rests on two principles: on the one hand, not adding to the inflammation already present, and on the other hand, soothing it.

• Don't add fuel to the fire

Avoid processed foods, industrial products, ready meals and fast food

Reduce omega-6 intake

Reduce refined sugar

Avoid alcohol 

• Soothe the fire

Favour natural and home-made

Consume good fatty acids that help regulate FSH levels, reduce inflammation and support overall regulation [28].

Eat more fruits and vegetables

Favour the most colourful fruits and vegetables

Pay attention to animal farming conditions

Incorporate particularly anti-inflammatory foods

To find out more, have a look at our article on diet and inflammation.

Zinc to help with inflammation

Zinc helps in particular to reduce inflammation and allow better oxygenation of the uterus [29], and thus to reduce the effects of prostaglandins [30] and therefore to reduce the intensity and duration of period pain [31]. Studies have shown that its action may reinforce the action of anti-inflammatories [32], or even reduce their consumption [33]. Good zinc intake are therefore recommended.

Our women's multivitamins Mama essentials is particularly rich in zinc and vitamin B6 for hormonal balance. 

Zinc is also very important during the conception period — have a look at our article on zinc and fertility.

Looking after your liver

The liver is notably responsible for setting aside excess oestrogen and then excreting it from the body. Eating foods from the brassica family can be of great help here.

Eat sulphurous vegetables (that is, rich in sulphur-containing compounds, such as garlic, onion, shallot, chives, leek and cabbage, turnips, radishes) and green leafy vegetables. You can also eat raw carrots with the skin on (carrots contain certain fibres that are very useful for eliminating excess oestrogen).

Antioxidant foods

We favour the most colourful fruits and vegetables. It is the antioxidants that are responsible for the colour in plants. 

For example, opt for a red onion rather than a white one.

The key nutrients for hormonal balance

You can take magnesium and vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 contributes to the regulation of hormonal activity. For example, in cases of vitamin B6 deficiency, progesterone levels increase by between 60 and 90%, and oestrogen levels increase by 85% [34].

Furthermore, studies show that an increase in magnesium intake reduces stress, and that magnesium supplementation is beneficial in stressed individuals [35]. The combined effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 may also help in cases of anxiety [36]. 

To do this, you can eat foods such as: mint, rosemary, calf or turkey liver, salmon and mackerel, seeds and nuts, peppers, Brussels sprouts, leeks, banana. 

A women's food supplement combining these nutrients may be beneficial. 

Our magnesium food supplement, Mama-gnésium, will also help meet your needs.

Pink Balance, a delicious organic red berry powder specifically formulated to reduce hormonal imbalance, all in a glass jar to avoid endocrine disruptors. It contains maca, shatavari, and beetroot, and is naturally rich in B vitamins! A cocktail of superfoods to help your body rebalance hormones, reduce inflammation, and top up on vitamins. 

Be mindful of inflammation

Many aspects of our current lifestyle are, so to speak, inflammatory — in other words, they fuel our internal fire. Unfortunately, anti-inflammatory medications tend to contribute to intestinal permeability, and therefore to chronic inflammation [49] — quite the paradox!

Avoiding endocrine disruptors

• Eat organic

A study on the French population compared urinary pesticide metabolites (a large proportion of which are endocrine disruptors) in consumers with a high intake of organic food versus those without. They found significantly higher urinary levels of pesticide metabolites in conventional consumers compared to organic consumers [51].

• Watch out for food containers and utensils

Say goodbye to food additives, plastic packaging, and plastic or non-stick kitchen utensils. Switch to stainless steel, stone, or glass cookware and containers; cook from scratch as much as possible; air out your home thoroughly every day; switch to organic cosmetics, free from BPA, parabens, and phthalates; stop drinking water from plastic bottles. And as a bonus, you'll be doing your overall health a world of good!

• Be mindful of cosmetics

Some cosmetic and beauty products (face masks, nail varnish, lipsticks, hairsprays, dyes, etc.) also contain endocrine disruptors! [52]

Exercise regularly

Physical exercise helps to make muscle cells more sensitive to insulin. The more sensitive cells are to insulin, the better the hormonal balance.

For example, progressive strength training sessions can reduce insulin resistance [53] and also lower free androgen levels [54]. 

Furthermore, exercise has a beneficial effect on inflammation [55].

Be mindful, however, of exercise that is too intense or too frequent: in that case, it can become a source of inflammation...

A stressful lifestyle, fatigue, inflammation, the microbiome, and the external environment are all factors that can have an impact. 

It is important to act and manage these factors, as hormonal imbalance can have consequences on fertility, weight, mood, and overall wellbeing, among other things. 

Inflammation is at the root of these imbalances, so you can act through what you eat or by being mindful of the medications you take. 

Do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional (doctor, gynaecologist, etc.). The effects of all these changes can take time to become apparent, and every woman is different — but if you notice no change at all, you may need a suitable treatment. A health assessment may also be recommended.